“专业资本” 对我国独中教师专业发展之启示 "Professional Capital " and the Professional Development of Chinese Independent Secondary School Teachers

Abstract

想要高效能的学校，我们需要最好质量的教师，学生需要优秀教师的教导。而教师必须发展专业资本，才能有效率地教学。教育社会学家Hargreaves和Fullan认为教师专业资本是影响教师专业的重要指标，教师不得不培养这方面的能力，以期在教师的教学生涯上，发挥专业能力，有素质地培养下一代。所谓的专业资本分成：人力资本(human capital) 、社会资本(social capital) 以及决策资本(decisional capital) ;人力资本是关千教师必须发展在教学方面的知识和技能，教师知道学科内容，知道如何教学，了解学生的个别差异；社会资本指的是教师在人际间的社会关系和互动，以及这些人际网络对于教师获得知识和信息的影响；决策资本指的是教师透过结构和非结构的经验、实践和反思，能够在教学情境中进行智慧判断的一种能力。分析和了解教师专业资本对学校的重要性之后，对国内的教师专业发展提出了五点启示：一、校内设立专门组织，专司校本教师培训与学习的业务；二、教师社会资本的累积必须把焦点放在教师团体间的相互学习；三、透过教师的教学观课或是教室走察可以增加教师的决策资本；四、学校必须营造友善合作的学习文化，协助教师增加他们的信心；五、推广校际策略联盟资源共享的模式，带动专业资本发展。

Teaching requires the services of the most qualified teachers. Teachers should upgrade their professional capital in order to teach effectively. Sociologists of education Hargreaves and Fullan believe that teachers' professional capital is an important indicator of the professionalism of teachers. Hence teachers are enjoined to build capacity in this area so as strengthen their teaching career and to train the next generation with professional competence.

Professional capital is divided into human capital, social capital and decisional capital. Human capital is concerned with the knowledge of the subject matter, skills on how to teach, and an understanding of individual needs of students. Social capital refers to the social relations and interactions of teachers, and their influence on the acquisition of knowledge and information by these teachers. Decisional capital refers to the proficiencies of teachers acquired through structural and non-structural experiences, practices and reflections, that would help teachers to make good judgments.

Several suggestions may be made on the development of teachers' professional development in local schools. These include setting up an organization for teacher training and learning services; promoting mutual learning among teachers for the accumulation of social capital; teachers undergoing teaching observation to increase their decisional capital; building a friendly and collaborative learning culture to help teachers to increase their confidence; and forming strategic inter-school alliances to promote the development of teachers' professional capital.