Malaysian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
The Malaysian Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences is a double blind peer-reviewed, inter-disciplinary journal that publishes articles, reviews and research notes based on the scholarly studies of contemporary Chinese societies especially in Southeast Asia and East Asia. It is an international forum for scholarship on the critical discourse on the Chinese as well as their relations with other ethnic communities at the local, national or international scales from the perspectives of the social sciences and humanities. The journal welcomes contributions based on empirical, comparative or theoretical research and that are of interest to a wide range of scholars. Submission of papers should adhere to the journal’s guidelines and format.
《国王的丰收：从首位农民到首个帝国的中国政治生态》 The King’s Harvest: A Political Ecology of China from the First Farmers to the First Empire
马六甲巴淡芙露新村之成立与发展 The Establishment and Development of Bertam Ulu New Village in Melaka
英政府为了有效杜绝马来亚共产党，不仅颁布了紧急状态法令，更开展了毕利斯计划（The Briggs Plan）。这项计划之下，住在郊区的民众尤其是华裔被迫搬离家园，并在英政府指示的地区与来自不同地方、籍贯等的华人形成一个聚落，既如今的华人新村。 新村作为英政府为剿灭马来亚共产党所衍生出来的非自然历史产物，其于地方景观与人口结构及分布上的影响是巨大的。然而，新村历史向来鲜少获得关注，针对马六甲州华人新村的具体研究更是屈指可数。职是之故，本文通过梳理巴淡芙露新村之形成，与其社会发展和生活面貌，尝试梳理出巴淡芙露新村的发展脉络，填补当地新村的地方研究空白。不仅如此，也尝试通过汇整巴淡芙露新村的整体发展，从中探究新村计划对于当地的影响。 To effectively eradicate the Malayan Communist Party, the British colonial government not only enacted the Emergency Ordinance, but also launched the Briggs Plan. Under this plan, people living in the jungle fringes, especially the Chinese, were forced to move out of their homes and were resettled with other fellow Chinese from different places and origins in an area designated by the British government. These settlements are now known today as New Villages (Kampung Baru). As an unnatural historical product of the British colonial government’s efforts to eliminate the Malayan Communist Party, the impact of the New Villages on the local landscape and the population structure’s even distribution is far-reaching. However, the history of the New Villages are often over- looked. On the other hand, specific studies on Chinese New Villages in Melaka are few and far between. For this reason, this paper attempts to piece together the development context of the Bertam Ulu New Village by combining the history of the founding of the village, its social development, as well as its outlook on life to fill in the gap on local research on the New Villages. In addition, I attempt to integrate the overall development of the Bertam Ulu New Village to discover the impact of the Briggs Plan on the local area.
中华人民共和国建国初期的群众运动——对运动参与者的考察分析 The Problems and Governance of the Mass Movement in the Early Days of the Founding of New China—— An Investigation on the Psychological Perspective of the Participants in the Movement
群众运动是中国共产党夺取政权和建设国家的重要手段。新中国成立后，在内外交困的严峻形势下，素以组织动员见长的中国共产党发挥其执政党的政治优势，进一步广泛组织开展群众运动，以实现国家治理。但群众运动的热潮连带产生诸多负面效果，狂热的群众运动现场背后存在截然不同的心理面相。中共中央和地方政府均意识到问题的存在并试图进行相应整治。对群众运动的动员与整治集中体现了建国初期中共作为执政党的治理策略。 The mass movement is an important means for the Chinese Communist Party to seize power and build the country. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the severe situation of internal and external difficulties, the Chinese Communist Party, which has always been known for organizing and mobilizing the masses, gave full play to the political advantages of being the ruling party. The Party therefore further organized and carried out mass movements to achieve national governance. However, the upsurge of mass movements has produced many negative effects, and there are completely different psychological aspects behind the frenetic mass movement scenes. Both the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and the local governments are aware of the problem’s existence and are attempting to rectify it accordingly. The mobilization and rectification of the mass movement embodies the governance strategy of the Chinese Communist Party as the ruling organization in the early days of the People’s Republic of China.
群众运动、国家治理、中国共产党、新中国成立初期
mass movement, national governance, CPC, the early days of PRC
中美涉台问题的战略怀疑与威慑不平衡 Strategic Suspicion and Imbalanced Deterrence in the Taiwan-related Issues between China and the United States
中美之间在台海区域内相互威慑，但这种威慑为什么不能达到稳定与平衡的状态？本文认为，中美之间的战略怀疑，使得双方威慑不稳定，军备竞赛螺旋式上升，影响台海安全。透过中美过去涉及台湾问题的几个事件，本文发现，中美之间因为过去的欺骗认定或是误解，造成了如今的战略怀疑。美中基于对“保卫台湾”与“一个中国”原则的怀疑，使得双方相互威慑不断升级。由此引起的战略怀疑，不仅仅是由过去的欺骗引起，也会由过去的误解引起，本文补充了有关信号与欺骗的战略认知研究框架。 There exists mutual deterrence between China and the United States in the Taiwan Strait region. However, why has this deterrence failed to achieve stability and balance? This paper argues that strategic suspicion between China and the United States has resulted in an unstable deterrence, a spiralling arms race, and a significant impact on the security of the Taiwan Strait. By examining several past events involving Taiwan-related issues between China and the United States, this paper argues that strategic suspicion today is a consequence of past deceptions or misunderstandings. The mutual suspicion between China and the United States are based on their mutual doubts regarding the principles of “defending Taiwan” and the “One China” policy which in turn has escalated the cycle of mutual deterrence. This study contributes to the existing research framework on strategic cognition by addressing the strategic significance of signals and deception.
相互威慑、台湾问题、战略怀疑、战略认知、信号与欺骗
mutual deterrence, Taiwan issue, strategic suspicion, strategic cognition, signals and deception
马来亚独立前后永春会馆职能的演化 The Evolution of Yongchun Associations in Pre- and Post-Independence Malaya
永春人为福建社群当中最大的次方言群，总人数达到七十万人，人数甚至超越海南、潮州、广西，以及兴化这些方言群。1永春会馆为永春移民创建的重要社会组织。各地方的永春移民透过永春会馆把永春同乡凝聚在一起。民国初年，各地永春会馆之间仍缺乏互动，唯在中国永春发生匪祸之后，掀起新、马两地的永春移民展开救乡运动，各地方的永春会馆才有了连系。日本侵华期间，英属马来亚掀起支援祖国抗日救亡运动的热潮，多个地方的永春会馆领导人投入筹赈运动，会馆的凝聚社群的力量达到历史高峰。马来亚独立后，顺应国际政治局势的变化，国内华人社团出现整合潮，全国各地永春属会联合组织了马来亚永春联合会，分散各地的永春社群再度整合在一起。本论文就马来西亚的永春会馆的分布地点、机能的演化进行比较说明，剖析会馆扮演角色的变化，藉此窥探华人会馆在社群扮演角色的变化。 The Yongchun people are the largest sub-group of the Fujian dialect group with a total population of 700,000, surpassing even the populations of other dialect groups such as Hainan, Chaozhou, Guangxi, and Xinghua. Regarding research on Chinese sub-dialect groups in Malaysia, previous individual case studies on the development and changes of the Yongchun community have reported typical findings. Yongchun Associations, established by early Yongchun settlers in various places, have been playing an important role in uniting the community. Prior to Malaya’s independence, there were little interactions between the associations. It was only after Yongchun county became infested with bandits that salvation movement organisations established by the Yongchun settlers in Singapore and Malaya to help the people back home that these associations began to connect. The Japanese aggression in China set off a wave of support for their motherland among the Yongchun people in British Malaya and many leaders of Yong- chun Associations from various places contributed to the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement. This period saw the associations demonstrated their ability to unite the Yongchun community at a level never before seen. Amid the changing international political situations after Malaya became independent, many Chinese associations saw the need for further integration. In response, the Yongchun Associations then formed the Malayan Yongchun Federation, thus integrating the Yongchun communities across the country. This article compares and examines the location of the associations as well as the evolution of their functions, followed by analysis on their changing role to investigate the changes in the role of Chinese associations to the community.
Yongchun community, Yongchun associations, function
马来西亚华裔中年女性的失落经验之叙事研究 The Narrative Study of Loss Experiences in Middle-aged Chinese Women in Malaysia
本研究旨在采用叙事取向研究初步探究马来西亚中年女性的失落经验与因应，以及失落后的成长与省思。藉由她们的失落故事，了解马来西亚华人传统社会底下女性困顿与推进的片段，从而思索当今女性的位置与未来方向。故，本研究邀请三位年龄介于45-59岁的中年女性进行半结构式的深度访谈，进行叙事分析，然后与华人传统文化进行文本对话。透过“整体--内容”分析，研究者将访谈资料置于受访者的生命脉络中，整合出有意义情节的小主题，呈现她们的生命故事。透过“类别--内容”分析，依据研究问题做出综合分析，得到以下结果：（一）中年女性的失落经验围绕在不同的亲密关系；（二）中年女性以隐忍、妥协、自我归咎方式因应关系困局；（三）中年女性成长源于向外重新学习和连接家庭外的社会支持系统；（四）中年女性关系失落后重新把重心放在自己身上；（五）失落经验提升中年女性对他人的同理；（六）中年女性得以从失落中建构意义。 This study aims to use personal narrative research to explore the experiences of loss by middle-aged Chinese women in Malaysia. The study aims to deepen their reflections and growth in the process, in addition to the construction of meaning in their stories of the past, juxtaposed in the context of contemporary traditional Chinese culture. In this study, three middle-aged women, aged between 45 and 59, were interviewed in depth through semi-structured interviews. The collected narrative were analysed using the “holistic-content” model. We placed the data in the context of the interviewees’ lives and integrated them into small themes with meaningful episodes to present their life stories. This is then followed by the “categorical-content” model, in which analysis were made based on the research questions. The research result showed that: (1) the experience of loss by middle-aged women were exposed to different intimate relationships; (2) relationship difficulties tend to be responded with self-blame; (3) middle-aged women’s personal growth comes from self-relearning and connection to social support systems outside the family; (4) middle-aged women tend to focus on personal development after experiencing loss in intimate relationships; (5) experience of loss encouraged middle-aged women’s empathy for others; and (6) middle-aged women were able to construct meaning from the experience of loss.
失落、中年女性、叙事研究、马来西亚华裔
loss, middle-aged women, narrative research, Chinese Malaysians
中华文化作为企业文化核心价值的承传—— 兼谈新冠疫情后马来西亚华人家族企业的再创新 Inheritance of Chinese Culture as the Core Value of Corporate Culture——Contemporary Discussion on the Re-Innovation of Malaysian Chinese Family Businesses after the COVID-19 Pandemic
马来西亚许多华人企业最初在这片土地上扎根，经营着家庭式小生意，并逐渐发展成今天规模可观的企业。这些企业世代相传，坚守着中华文化和母语教育的价值观，同时将中华文化的智慧融入到企业经营中，为马来西亚众多华人家族企业赋予了独有的特色和价值观。在传承与变革的过程中，原以中华文化为核心的华人家族企业如何自我定位？在过去一两年的新冠疫情冲击下，华人企业需要付出更多的努力，他们如何将中华文化视为宝贵的文化资源，展现出现代的活力？本文旨在探索马来西亚华人家族企业传统文化的传承模式，并探索如何在现有的文化企业基础上推进文化创新，再创高峰。 Many Chinese businesses in Malaysia laid down roots on this land by operating small family businesses before gradually develop into today’s large-scale enterprises. These enterprises have been passed down from generation to generation, adhering to the values of Chinese culture and mother tongue education, while at the same time integrating wisdom from Chinese culture into their business operations. This endowed many Chinese family businesses in Malaysia with unique characteristics and values. In the process of inheritance and transformation, how should the Chinese family business, with Chinese culture as its core, position itself? Under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic of the past few years, Chinese enterprises were forced to make more efforts. How can they regard Chinese culture as a valuable cultural resource and still show modern vitality? This paper aims to explore the traditional culture inheritance model of Chinese family businesses in Malaysia based on their current practice of cultural enterprises. The paper will also discuss how these businesses promote cultural innovation and achieve greater heights.
马来西亚华人家族企业、中华文化、承传、创新
Malaysian Chinese family businesses, Chinese culture, heritage, innovation
《新加坡儒学史》 History of Confucianism in Singapore
疫情下马来西亚华裔老人的焦虑、社会支持与生活品质之关系研究 The Relationships of Anxiety, Social Support and Quality of Life among Malaysian Chinese Elderly during COVID-19 Pandemic
2020年新冠肺炎来袭，研究显示老人的焦虑普遍提高，影响生活品质，社会支持被视为有助于提升心理健康，减缓疫情对老人的负面影响。本研究旨在探讨在疫情下马来西亚华裔老人的焦虑、社会支持及生活品质的现况；了解焦虑、社会支持与生活品质的关系；并检验社会支持是否能对焦虑与生活品质产生调节作用。本研究采取线上问卷调查方法，以马来西亚169名华裔老人（55岁及以上，M=63.7）为研究对象。结果发现：（一）华裔老人在疫情期间呈现低度的焦虑；获得的社会支持处在中上程度，其中实质支持最高，情感/关爱支持最低；生活品质处在中上程度，以环境范畴最高，社会关系范畴最低。（二）年纪越大的老人（65岁及以上）比年轻老人焦虑；65岁及以上的已婚男性，所获得的实质支持最多；女性生活品质中的生理范畴显著高于男性。（三）社会支持与生活品质有显著正相关；（四）社会支持对华裔老人的焦虑与生活品质没有出现调节作用。针对上述结果，本研究提出与讨论以网络问卷对老人群体进行研究的限制，并提出相关建议供老人照顾者、辅导人员及老人政策决定者等及未来研究参考之用。 Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, the impact of the pandemic on people around the world is currently being studied. The elderly population has been increasing rapidly in recent years, and the quality of life issues of the elderly are receiving more and more attention. The purpose of this study is to examine the anxiety, social support, and quality of life of the Chinese elderly in Malaysia during the pandemic. This is so that the relationship between anxiety, social support, and quality of life can be further under- stood. At the same time, whether social support can moderate the effects of anxiety and quality of life can also be examined. In this study, an online questionnaire was used to study 169 Chinese elderly (55 years old and above, M=63.7) individuals in Malaysia. The results showed that: (a) the Chinese elderly showed low anxiety during the pandemic; the social support received was moderate to high, with Substantive support being the highest and Affection support being the lowest; however, quality of life was moderate to high, with Environmental domain being the highest and social relationships being the lowest. (b) The senior elderly (65 years and older) were more anxious than the younger ones; married men aged 65 years and older received the most Substantial support; while women had significantly higher Physical domain in quality of life than men. (c) Social support was positively correlated to quality of life. Lastly, (d) Social support did not moderate the effect of anxiety and quality of life among the Chinese elderly. In response to the above results, this study discussed the limitations of online survey in elderly groups and makes recommendations to decision makers on policies for the elderly, elderly caregivers, counsellors, as well as for future research.
新冠肺炎疫情、焦虑、社会支持、生活品质、马来西亚华裔老人
COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, social support, quality of life, Chinese elderly in Malaysia
“第四届马来西亚华人民俗研究国际学术研讨会“简报 Report on the 4th Malaysian Chinese Folk Culture International Conference
后苏哈托时代的印度尼西亚文学思潮 Indonesian Literary Thoughts in the Post-Suharto Era
1998年印尼威权政治解体后文学呈现多样化发展势头。先有以阿尤·乌塔米为代表的女性作家纷纷以文学为武器表达女性呼声，接着华人题材的小说、伊斯兰爱情故事、印度洋海啸的灾难叙事与言说教育困境的畅销书接连问世，新时期小说改编为电影亦成为印尼文艺界的时尚，文学奖项也成为反映文学思潮的一个重要风向标。立足千改革前后的历史与现实，后苏哈托时代的印尼文学思潮应当从解构威权话语、突破固有藩篱和对话西方想象三个层面进行观照。 Since the collapse of lndonesia's authoritarian regime in 1998, the diversification of literature has gained momentum. Initially, female writers heralded by Ayu Utami wielded literature as a weapon to voice women's ideas. Afterwards, various works began to sprung up, such as novels with ethnic Chinese themes, Islamic romances w百tten by moderate Muslims, narratives of the Indian Ocean Tsunami, and best-selling books on educational dilemma. The adaptation of novels of the Reform Era into movies has also become a fashion. In the meantime, literary awards have also become an important indicator of literary thoughts. Given the history and reality before and after 1998, the Indonesian literary trend in the post-Suharto era should be viewed through three perspectives: the deconstruction of authoritarian discourses, breaking through established social barriers, and discourses with Western imagination.
后苏哈托时代、印度尼西亚、文学思潮、西方想象
The Post-Suharto Era, Indonesia, Literary Evolution, western imagination
中国社区嵌人式养老服务探究一以南京市区域统括 1+N 模式为例 Embedded Elderly Care Services in Communities in China: A Case Study on 1+N District Integrated Model in Nanjing City
现今中国社会的养老话题经常围绕在载体不足、照护人力资源不足、老年人购买的意愿和能力不足、养老机构资源分配不均、居家与社区养老服务存在缺陷、养老机构治理机制效率低下等等问题，导致养老服务供给效率不高。因此，社区养老便在这乱局中被重新重视，并调整及资源再整合成一种符合中国社会结构的新型社区嵌入式养老模式。它是一种强调以社区为依托，在居家养老、社区养老和机构养老的基础上，将三者优势与资源嵌入在社区，并且利用社区的各种资源，以不脱离老人熟悉的生活环境，具体落实就地安养。 南京的社区嵌入式养老在2015年萌芽，打造“一碗汤的距离”的微型养老机构，指的是从家里煮好一碗汤端到养老机构给老人喝时，那碗汤还没有变凉，突显近距离养老服务的特色。南京地方政府为了更加完善社区居家养老服务运行模式，高度重视社区养老类的社会组织培育力度，积极引导社会参与，并着重在以政府购买服务的方式整合社会资源。本研究实地考察了一些南京社区嵌入型的养老服务供给现况，发现当中有一个组织提出了区域统括1+N的资源整合模式，并在实践中取得一些成效。因此，本研究采取案例研究与二手资料分析的方法，实地考察与焦点访谈的方式进一步探索这模式的内容、运行机制、监督管理，从而探讨当中的优劣势与实践问题。 Today in China, the topic of elderly care often revolves around the problems of lack of carers and human resources, lack of willingness and abilities of the elderly to purchase care services, the uneven distribution of resources in elderly care institutions, the defects in living conditions and community elder care services, the inefficient management of elderly care institutions, etc., that resulted in the low efficiency of the elderly care services. Therefore, in this chaotic state, the value of community elder care has been reconsidered and readjusted, resources have been reintegrated into a new embedded community elderly care model that conforms to China's social structure. The model of embedded elderly care services emphasizes the reliance on communities, with the advantages and resources of home care, community care, and institution care services embedded into the community, while using various resources of the community without separating the elderly from their familiar living environment to provide necessary care services. In Nanjing, the embedded elderly care services appeared in 2015 that was followed by the establishment of micro elderly care institutions using the "distance of a bowl of soup" mechanism. The "distance of a bowl of soup" mechanism emphasizes the characteristics of short distance care services: between the time a soup is being cooked at home and served to elders in a care center, the soup will not have cooled down. In order to improve the operational model of community home-based elderly care services, the Nanjing local government attaches great importance to the cultivation of social organizations for the elders in communities by actively guiding the community to take part in the provision of services, while also focus on integrating social resources into the eldercare system by purchasing those resources. This study investigates how embedded elderly care services are provided today in several communities in Nanjing. It has been found that one organization proposed a 1+N district integrated model and has already achieved some results. Therefore, this paper, in the form of a case study, uses secondary data analysis, direct observations, and interview methods to further explore the content of the model, its operation, supervision, and management mechanisms, so as to study advantages, disadvantages, and practical issues of the models.
社区养老、嵌入式养老、照护服务、区域统括1+N
Community elderly care, embedded elderly care, care services, 1+N District Integrated Mode
马哈迪政府对东海岸铁路项目决策研究 ——基于多元启发理论视角 A Poliheuristic Analysis of Mahathir Government’s Decision Making on the East Coast Rail Link Project
2018年马来西亚大选后，马哈迪领导的希盟政府在对待东海岸铁路（以下简称东铁）项目的态度上出现了较大转折：从上任伊始雷厉风行地宣布暂停与审查，到后续重新与中国谈判，并最终达成新的协议使得项目复工。为什么马哈迪政府会先后采取暂停审查与谈判重启的政策？如何解释马哈迪政府对待东铁项目的决策转变？本文运用多元启发理论进行解释，认为马哈迪政府的两次东铁项目决策都是首先经由国内政治关键维度的认知筛选，然后对剩余方案进行效用最大化的理性选择。文章有力回击了西方媒体对于中国实施债务陷阱和新殖民主义的批评，强调马来西亚国内政治的重要性及其决策自主性。同时，中国在这一过程中给予马来西亚充分的理解和尊重，东铁从暂停到复工很好地体现了“一带一路”共商共建共享的原则。本文对 2018年大选后马哈迪政府两次东铁决策的深入分析也能够对中国推进“一带一路”和海外投资提供重要启示。 Following the Malaysian General Election in 2018, the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government, led by former prime minister Tun Mahathir Mohamad, the East Coast Rail Link (ECRL) project reached a turning point. Tun Mahathir initially announced the suspension and review of the project after taking office. However, he then sought to renegotiate with China and both nations finally reached a new agreement to resume the project. Why did the Mahathir administration made such policy choices on the ECRL project? This paper employs the poliheuristic theory to explain the Mahathir administration’s shift in decision-making regarding the ECRL project. We argued that the Mahathir administration’s policy decisions were initially filtered through the key dimensions of domestic politics before maximizing the utility of the remaining options. This paper strongly counters Western media’s criticism of China’s debt-trap and neo-colonialism objective using the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) while emphasizing the importance of Malaysia’s domestic politics and its decision-making autonomy. At the same time, we argued that China sufficiently understood and respected Malaysia in the entire process. The suspension, negotiation, and resumption of the ECRL project well embodied the BRI principles of extensive consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits. These findings have important policy implications for Chinese-funded overseas projects.
一带一路、东海岸铁路、马哈迪、多元启发理论
Belt and Road Initiative, East Coast Rail Link, Mahathir, Poliheuristic Theory
“从人到神”的转变：马来西亚华人的祖先与神灵崇拜 The Deity-bound Transition of a Mortal: Ancestor and Deity Veneration by Ethnic Chinese Malaysian
本文从社会成员所理解的死亡出发，通过马来西亚华人的祖先之灵与神灵信仰来看宗教与社会的互动过程。马来西亚华人社会的宗教观念产生千社会最基础的家庭单位，人们所遵循的实践都来自传统习俗。社会群体出千宗教理论体系的解释，将死亡理解为一种转换生命形式的途径，亡灵成为一个家庭的祖先并且通过葬礼的净化完成神圣化的身份转变。早期华人移民时期，人们为对社会有贡献的亡者建庙供香火，并将其视为社区的守护神。从人到神的信仰脱离不了社会组织的因素，甚至会对人们在生命过程中的作为产生影响。当人成神是一种新的叙事方式时，我们将神灵当成人类生活世界的延续，神灵介入到人类社会生活，同时我们也以自身的方式来安排神灵的事情。人们围绕守护神崇拜来组织社区生活和凝聚群体，人与祖先和神的关系通过宗教的纽带始终保持紧密的联系，并寄托着一种先验性的理想。 By looking at how society understand death, this paper discusses the interaction between religion and society by examining how Chinese Malaysians (Malaysian citizens of Chinese descent) exercise their venerations toward their ancestors and deities. Religious views held by the Chinese Malaysian community originate from its fundamental constituent, i.e., the family, and the practices that they follow were all derived from traditional customs. Predicated upon their religious doctrine, the community regard death as an avenue leading to the transformation of life, one in which spirits of the deceased gained the status of family ancestors, not to mention sanctity, having been purified via funerals. When the Chinese migrants first settled in Malaysia several generations back, they built temples and offered incense sticks for the deceased who had contributed to society and deify them as patron deities for the communities. This belief of immortality attainment is closely related to the social framework, so much so that it influences how people behave in their lives. Moreover, religious concepts also evolve with the continually adapting social consciousness. As a result, when the attainment of immortality became a new narrative within the community, people became inclined to treat immortality as a continuation of the mortal human life. This view opens the possibilities for the deities to traverse into the mortal realm, which people responded by subjectively devising various arrangements in consideration of the spirits and deity. People revolve around the concept of venerating patron deities to carry out life in the community and to unite different groups, tightening and maintaining the relationship between mortals, their ancestors, and the deities via the religion, simultaneously establishing a kind of transcendental ideal.
从人到神、宗教仪式、社会意识、马来西亚华人、祖先崇拜
Attainment of immortality, religion ritual, social consciousness,Chinese Malaysians, ancestor veneration
对印尼泗水彼得拉基督教大学生使用抖音 (TikTok) 的动机研究 A Study on TikTok User Motivation by Petra Christian University Students in Surabaya, Indonesia
近两年中国抖音开始进入全世界，取名为TikTok 。TikTok在印尼的热度持续升高，尤其是因为此次疫情影响，越来越多的人开始使用TikTok。其中印尼泗水彼得拉基督教的大学生有在TikTok刚进入印尼时就开始使用TikTok, 也有大学生是近阶段才开始使用。本次研究笔者通过“使用与满足“理论进行分析，发现彼得拉基督教的大学生在使用TikTok时，如果扮演的角色不同，他的需求和动机也不相同，并且他们的需求会逐渐产生变化。本次研究的目的是为了了解彼得拉大学生用户使用TikTok的动机和持续使用的行为和需求，希望对TikTok在印尼的发展提供帮助，通过对特定用户群体的需求进行精确命中，从而提高TikTok在印尼的知名度和可持续使用性。 In the past two years, the Chinese Douyin app has begun to enter the world as TikTok. As the popularity of TikTok in Indonesia continues to rise, and especially because of the pandemic, more and more people began to use TikTok. Among them, students from Petra Christian University in Surabaya, Indonesia, started to use TikTok when it first entered Indonesia, while other college students started to use it only recently. The author of this paper used the theory of "use and satisfaction" to analyze and found that Petra Christian University students have different needs and motivations when using TikTok. Moreover, it is discovered that if they play different roles, their needs will also gradually change. The purpose of this research is to understand the motivations, continuous use behaviors, and needs of Petra Christian University students when using TikTok. This is in addition to helping TikTok increase its popularity in Indonesia through the analysis of user needs, and to help TikTok's development in Indonesia.
TikTok （抖音）、动机、彼得拉基督教大学、泗水、印尼
TikTok, motivation, Petra Christian University, Surabaya, Indonesia
重返古典与流动性身份：郁达夫在南洋的跨国界转向 Return to Classicism and Fluidity of Identity: Yu Dafu's Transboundary Turn in Nanyang
人与地域相连接，郁达夫自中国来到马来西亚、新加坡等地，成为南来文人的代表，促进马华文学的发展。在南洋，与其他文人跨文化转向的表征不同，郁达夫的文学创作具有重返古典的姿态，即白话文小说创作减少，以旧体诗词与报章评论的创作为主，亦体现其流动性身份的特征。在古典主义训练、文学的工具性作用、现实政治考量等客观因素以外，迥然相异的原乡与在地的周遭事物转变与亲友经历影响，投射于郁达夫自身，其情感上的遗民状态与重返古典的姿态相一致，亦是这一特殊跨文化转向的重要原因。 People and places are connected. Yu Dafu came to Southeast Asia from China and became a representative of Chinese scholars in the south, promoting the development of Malaysian Chinese literature. As far as Yu Dafu's literary creation is concerned, and unlike other characterizations of the intercultural turn of literati, his is a return to the classical, which embodies the characteristics of the fluidity of identity. During this period, the number of vernacular novels written by Yu Dafu became lesser, while lyrical and newspaper articles became more prevalent. In addition to factors such as his classicism training, the instrumental role of literature and realistic political considerations, Yu Dafu was influenced by the radically different changes between the surroundings of his hometown and Nanyang, as well as the experiences of relatives and friends. Yu Dafu's emotional remnant state is consistent with the attitude of returning to classics, which is also an important reason for this special transboundary turn.
郁达夫、重返古典、流动性身份、跨国界转向
Yu Dafu, return to classicism, fluidity of identity, transboundary turn
论南洋华人精英的跨国婚姻一以林文庆、伍连德为例 On Transnational Marriages Among the Nanyang Elites— Case Study on Lim Boon Keng and Wu Lien-teh
本文梳理、分析19世纪末20世纪中期海峡华人代表人物林文庆、伍连德的跨国婚姻，目的在于了解：一、生于、长于英属殖民地，接受现代西方教育的华人精英是如何择偶的？二、中国女子嫁给南洋华人后的生活如何？在分析了南洋华人精英的跨国姻缘、他们娶自中国的妻子的家庭和教育背景以及他们的婚后生活之后，本研究认为：一、南洋海归华人精英林文庆、伍连德等倡导进行社会改良，自己也是自觉的实践者。与当时的中国相比，彼时的南洋，给了海归华人精英一个宽松的环境，他们可以比较自由地选择自己理想的配偶。二、从清末至民国，基督教网络对华人华侨与中国建立联系起着较为重要的作用。这一网络帮助南洋华人与中国女性组建婚姻、帮助他们通过基督教徒建立的机构构建他们在中国的人际与工作关系网络。三、中国女子嫁给南洋华人精英后，无论是在南洋还是在中国，夫妻彼此扶持，相互受益。 This paper analyses transnational marriages of the Straits Settlements' Chinese elites between the late 19th and mid-20th century to find out: how did the Chinese elites who were born and raised in British colonies and had received Western modem education select their spouses during the late Qing Dynasty; and what kind of life did the Chinese women have after they married their Southeast Asian (Nanyang) Chinese husbands? By analyzing the transnational marriages of the Nanyang Chinese elites, the family and education background of their wives from China, and their lives after marriage, this study has drawn three conclusions: 1) The repatriated Nanyang Chinese elites such as Lim Boon Keng, Wu Lien-teh, and others had advocated social improvement, and they themselves were self-conscious practitioners. Compared with China at that time, Nanyang had provided a freer enviromnent for overseas Chinese elites to select their ideal spouses. 2) From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China era, Christian networks played an important role in establishing ties between the Overseas Chinese and China. This network helped the Nanyang Chinese marry Chinese women and helped them build their interpersonal and professional networks in China through institutions established by Christians. 3) For most Chinese women and their Nanyang Chinese husbands, they had supported each other and benefited from each other, both in Nanyang and in China.
南洋华人精英、跨国婚姻、林文庆、伍连德
Nanyang elites, transnational marriage, Lim Boon Keng, Wu Lien-teh
东南亚华文女作家的跨国流动与流散书写一以文莱一凡为例 Transnational Flow and Diaspora Writing of Chinese Female Writers in Southeast Asia-The Case of Yifan from Brunei
在东南亚区域内部的跨国流动群体中，一些华文女作家不仅是跨国流动的切身参与者，而且也是流散议题的重要书写者。在淡莹、尤今、煜煜、商晚筠、李忆昔、贺淑芳等东南亚区间跨国流散华文女作家之中，一凡有着新加坡、马来西亚及文莱的跨国流散历程，其多元流散书写尤为典型。一凡的流散书写特征鲜明，一方面是对东南亚区间的在地书写，表现为古晋、文莱的家国情结以及新加坡的南洋大学情结；另一方面，是跨区域的异地书写，有寄情千中国的文化原乡情结书写，还有超越国别族群的多元乡愁情结书写。 Among the flowing transnational groups in Southeast Asia, Chinese female writers are not only individual participants in the transnational flow but are also important writers on diaspora topics. Among the transnational diasporic Chinese female w订ters in Southeast Asia, such as Danying, Youjin, Yuyu, Shang Wanyun, Li Yijun, He Shufang, etc., Yifan has transnational experience in Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei. As a result, her varied diaspora w出ing is particularly typical and has distinct characteristics. On one hand, hers can be considered local writing of the Southeast Asian region which is manifested in the plots set in Kuching and Brunei as well as Nanyang University in Singapore. On the other hand, it is transnational writing, which includes writing the cultural hometown in China, plus the writing of the various nostalgic feelings that goes beyond country and ethnic groups.
东南亚华文女作家、流散书写、文莱、一凡
Chinese female writers in Southeast Asia, diaspora writing, Brunei, Yifan
《呀叽百年——乌鲁冷岳社区发展史略》 Hulu Langat History 100 Years Flashback
《马来西亚华人社会语言研究》 The Sociolinguistic Studies on Malaysian Chinese Community
柳暗花明或夹缝求存？一 论柔佛利民达私会党之发展及其影响 Revival or Decline? The Development and Influence of Secret Societies in Jementah, Johor
早期的马来亚华人社会中，私会党曾扮演非常重要的角色。嗣后私会党历经政府打压及低潮期，被认为难逃遭淘汰的命运。迄今，私会党依旧顽存，并以合法社团之名目示人。另外，私会党普遍存在千华人社会，对地方社会发展产生深刻的影响。本文以坐落千柔佛昔加末县 (Segamat) 的利民达，探讨我国私会党注册为合法社团之新趋势及私会党之地方性发展及影响。目前利民达有六个私会党注册为合法社团，然对组织发展而言却收效甚微，这与之未彻底转型、缺乏发展蓝图及提升影响力的平台有关。另外，利民达私会党对当地政党、社群关系、庙宇及社团发展颇具影响，说明地方研究不可忽视私会党的作用。 Secret societies played a very important role in early Malaysian Chinese society. Since then, secret societies had undergone a period of government suppression and subsequently is at a low ebb. It was even thought that it could not escape the fate of being eliminated. Currently, secret societies still exist and would appear under the names of legitimate associations. In addition, secret societies generally exist in Chinese society and has had a profound impact on the development of local society. By focusing on the example of Jementah, located in the di strict of Segamat in Johor state, this article discusses the new trend of secret societies registering as legal associations, as well as the local development and influence of these secret societies. At present, Jementah has six secret societies registered as legal associations. However, it has achieved little in terms of organizational development. This is related to the lack of thorough transformation, development blueprints, and platforms to enhance its influence. In addition, the secret societies of Jementah have a considerable influence on the development of local political parties, community relations, temples, and associations, reflecting that local history research cannot ignore the role of secret societies.
secret societies, Chinese society, Jementah
吉隆坡中华独中发展的社会资本 The Social Capital in the Development of Chong Hwa Independent High School, Kuala Lumpur
马来西亚的华文教育自十九世纪末就与传统华人会馆结下了不解之缘。无论在学校的创建、资金来源与办学方针上，会馆都扮演着很重要的角色。马来亚自1957年独立后，迄今许多华校仍然仰赖会馆的支持，不仅华文独立中学如此，华文小学和接受改制的国民中学亦然。本文试图以社会资本作为分析工具，来探讨雪兰莪暨吉隆坡福建会馆和吉隆坡中华独中的关系。本文会集中讨论吉隆坡中华独中里以福建人为主的社会资本如何为学校获取如经费、校地、社会网络等各种资源。社会资本作为一项生产性的资本，让学校能够维持并且持续发展。本文运用了社会资本的视角如信任、社会网络、互惠互利、集体行动来分析这两者之间的关系。笔者认为吉隆坡中华独中继承了中华学校以福建会馆这个地缘性会馆作为载体的社会资本。随着非福建人的加入，中华独中的社会资本从原本以福建人为主的黏合性社会资本发展成了连接性社会资本。 Chinese education in Malaysia has formed an indelible bond with the Chinese associations since the 19th Century. The Chinese associations play a vital role in the Chinese schools’ establishment, funding sources, and school policies. After the independence of Malaya in 1957, many Chinese schools in Malaysia, including Independent Chinese Secondary Schools, Chinese primary schools, and national-type secondary schools have continued to rely on the support of Chinese associations. This article examines the relationship between the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Hokkien Association and Kuala Lumpur Chong Hwa Independent High School by using the social capital theory as analysis tool. This study discusses how the Hokkien-based social capital solicited funds, acquired school land, extended networks, and other resources for the Kuala Lumpur Chong Hwa Independent High School. As a productive capital, social capital enables the school to maintain and thrive. This article uses the concepts in the social capital theory such as trust, social network, mutual benefits, and collective action to study the relationship between the school and the Hokkien Association. It is believed that Chong Hwa Independent High School has inherited the social capital that had formed using the Hokkien Association as a carrier. The bonding social capital in Chong Hwa High School has developed into bridging social capital after non-Hokkiens joined the Board of Directors of the school.
社会资本、雪兰莪暨吉隆坡福建会馆、吉隆坡中华独中、华文教育
Social Capital, Selangor and Kuala Lumpur Hokkien Association, Chong Hwa High School, Chinese Education
论中国话剧IP电影的兴起 —— 以开心麻花为例 On the Emergence of Chinese Drama IP Films: The Case of Mahua FunAge
中国话剧改编电影由来已久，改编是电影创作的重要方式之一。近几年，IP电影备受关注，特别是话剧IP电影，成为中国电影市场上的关注热点。本文对中国话剧IP电影的兴起与现象进行梳理和探讨，并以开心麻花为例，分析其对话剧IP电影发展的影响和作用。以开心麻花的两部代表性作品《夏洛特烦恼》和《驴得水》为例，论述二者在话剧改编为电影中的利弊得失，分析总结话剧IP电影改编中的经验和规律，以期促进中国话剧IP电影创作的健康发展。 Chinese dramas have been adapted to movies for a long time, and adaptation is one of the important ways of movie creation. In recent years, Intellectual Property (IP) films have attracted much attention, especially drama IP films which have become a hot commodity in the Chinese film market. This paper composes and discusses the rise and phenomenon of drama IP movies in China and analyses its influence and role on the development of this genre. Taking two representative works of Mahua FunAge as examples: Charlotte’s Trouble and Donkey’s Water, this paper discusses the pros and cons of both film adaptations, while also analyses and summarizes the experiences and laws in the adaptations of these drama IP movies so to promote the healthy development of the creation of Chinese drama IP movies.
Drama, Drama IP, film adaptations, Mahua FunAge
一行禅师的 “入世佛教” 活动：概念内涵与表现 Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh's "Engaged Buddhism" Activities: Conceptual Connotation and Performance Aspects
一行禅师 (1926-2022) 是越南和尚、作家、诗人、社会活动家和和平倡导者，在世界上具有重要影响。他在上世纪60年代发起“入世佛教” (Engaged Buddhism) 运动被看作是现代佛教的新趋势，并逐渐在世界上特别是欧美各国被广泛接受。由此可见，一行禅师”入世佛教”活动不仅给世界各地的佛教生活增添新的活力，而且对世界人们的精神生活产生了深远的影响。通过考察文献、历史学方法和系统研究，本文将探讨一行禅师”入世佛教”活动的概念、内涵，同时指出他在参与活动和弘法生活中的表现、特征与价值。 Zen Master Thich Nhat Hanh (1926 - 2022) was a Vietnamese monk, writer, poet, social activist, and peace advocate with great influences on the world. He began the "Engaged Buddhism" movement in the 1960s and it is known as a new trend of modern Buddhism. It is gradually accepted widely in the world, especially in European countries and the United States today. It can be said that Zen Master Thich Nhat's "Engaged Buddhism" activities not only gave a new life to Buddhism, it also had a deep influence on the spiritual life of human beings around the world. By examining documents, employing historical study methods, along with systematic research, this article will discuss the concept and connotation of Thich Nhat Hanh's "Engaged Buddhism" activities, and at the same time point out his performance, characteristics, and value in participating in activities, in addition to his life preaching the Dharma.
一行禅师、入世佛教、越南佛教、特征、价值
Thich Nhat Hanh, Engaged Buddhism, Vietnamese Buddhism, feature, value
传承或消亡？—— 沙登客家新村语言与文化研究 Inheritance or Extinction? The Study of Language and Culture in Serdang Hakka New Village
时代变迁与环境变化对许多语言和文化的维护与传承带来了不小的冲击。沙登新村是马来西亚第二大新村，因其超过90%的客家居民而成为著名的客家新村，客家话是生活中主要的沟通用语。本文通过问卷调查和深入访谈方式，考察与探讨当地客家人的语言使用、文化保留及发展现状，为马来西亚客家及华人社会的语言使用研究提供相关的资料。 Social and environmental upheavals have adversely impacted the maintenance and preservation of culture and languages. Serdang New Village is the second largest New Village in Malaysia, with more than 90% of the residents being of Hakka descent, with the Hakka dialect being the main language of communication. Through questionnaire survey and personal interviews, this paper aims to investigate and discuss the use of the Hakka dialect, and the efforts to preserve the Hakka culture in the village. It is hoped that this research will provide relevant materials for the study of language use in the Malaysian Hakka community and the Malaysian Chinese society in general.
Malaysia, Hakka Dialect, Serdang New Village
马来西亚留台学生生活适应情形： 挫折经验、情感陪伴与实质资源之关系探讨 Adjustment of Malaysian Students Studying in Taiwan: Analysis of the Relationship Between Frustration, Emotional, and Tangible Supports
过去有不少研究探讨学生在国外求学的适应议题，然而来自相同文化及社会背景的学生，如马来西亚籍的华裔学生，在同样是华人文化的台湾之适应议题鲜少被探讨。本研究探讨马来西亚籍学生来台求学的历程中，学业挫折经验与人际挫折经验对生活适应的负向关系，以及不同类型的社会支待---'情感陪伴支持及实质资源支待，能否调节学生挫折经验与生活适应的负向关系。利用挫折经验量表、社会支持量表、生活适应量表编拟成网路问卷并发放到各网路群组、收集到81 位来台求学的马来西亚籍学生完成本网路问卷，并以阶层迥归进行统计结果分析。结果发现：（一）学业挫折经验与生活适应呈显著负向关系；（二）人际挫折经验与生活适应呈显著负向关系；（三）实质资源支持并未显著调节学业挫折经验与生活适应的负向关系；（四）情感陪伴支持显著调节人际挫折经验与生活适应的负向关系，即获得高度情感陪伴支持的学生，更能缓和其人际挫折经验与生活适应的负向关系。此研究提供心理谘商专业人员，或大专院校相关单位之实务思考方向，有利于相关单位更能具体了解来自相同背景的学生之适应情形及真实需求。 Many studies have explored the adaptation issues of foreign students studying abroad. However, few researchers have addressed this issue of foreign students who share the same cultural background with local students; i.e. Malaysian Chinese students studying in Taiwan. This study seeks to explore the relationship between Malaysian students' frustrations and adjustments, as well as the moderating effects of emotional and tangible supports in this relationship. Eighty-one overseas ethnic Chinese students from Malaysia were studied in this research. The results reveal a significant negative relationship between frustrations and adaptation issues for students studying abroad. In addition, emotional support significantly moderates the relationship between frustrations and adaptation issues while no moderating effect of tangible support was found.
从《大系》和文选看马华文学中的“新村”及集体记忆 ‘New Village’ and Collective Memory in Malaysian Chinese Literature from Anthologies and Selected Works
马来西亚华人新村是一个极为本土化的议题。一来新村是在二战后独立之前于1950年代开始形成的集中营，是殖民主义和冷战时期的遗产。二来新村以其独有的聚集方式，成为华人社区集中的集体记忆。然而随着1970年代马来西亚工业化的迅速发展，部分新村作为社区的存在，其界限逐步被城镇的现代化所吞噬，马华文学中的“新村”成了我们可以理解这一特定时期的入口和界面。本文从马华文学《大系》和文选中尝试重新建构“新村”的集体记忆，以补充马华文学研究这一领域的匮乏。 The Chinese New Villages in Malaysia is an extremely localized issue. Firstly, they were concentration camps constructed in the 1950s before Malaysia’s independence; a legacy of colonialism and the Cold War. Secondly, the New Villages, with its unique way of gathering, became the collective memories of the Chinese community. However, with the rapid development and expansion of Malaysia’s industrialization in the 1970s, the New Villages that has existed as a community, found its boundaries gradually being swallowed up by the modernization of towns. The New Villages in Malaysian Chinese literature has become the entry and interface for us to understand this specific period. This paper attempts to reconstruct the collective memories of Chinese New Villages from the Malaysian Chinese Literature anthologies, to supplement the lack of Malaysian Chinese Literature research in this field.
新村、马华文学、《大系》、集体记忆、马来西亚华人社会
Chinese New Villages, Malaysian Chinese literature, anthologies, collective memories, Malaysian Chinese Society
从法眼三祖到净土六祖：永明延寿形象演变 From His Roles as the Third Patriarch of the Fayan School of Chan Buddhism to the Sixth Patriarch of Pure Land Buddhism: A Study of the Transformation of the Image of Yongming Yanshou
永明延寿的形象经历了从早期隐遁禅僧逐步转变为法眼三祖禅宗祖师，又被后人形塑为净土六祖莲宗祖师之形象演变历程。本文从思想史与社会史相结合的角度，对永明延寿形象及其演变过程进行研究，论文所称的“永明延寿形象”主要是指法眼三祖形象和净土六祖形象。 本文采取文献调查法和历史研究法，通过比对宋元明清历代留下的三十七种延寿传记文献，具体分析了延寿从法眼三祖到净土六祖的形象特征样貌之演变，以及影响形象演变之因素，试图总结出传记中形塑延寿形象的法则和规律。 The image of Yongming Yanshou underwent a progressive transformation from his early period as a reclusive Chan monk to later becoming the third patriarch of the Fayan Chan lineage, and then subsequently, through the shaping of his image by later generations, becoming the sixth patriarch of the Pure Land school. This paper aims to study the image of Yongming Yanshou and its evolution from the combined perspectives of intellectual and social history. The “Image of Yongming Yanshou” cited in this paper mainly refers to his image as both the third patriarch of the Fayan lineage and the sixth patriarch of the Pure Land school. This paper adopts the documentary and historical research method, and through the comparisons of thirty-seven types of biographies of Yongming Yanshou from past dynasties, specifically analyses the characteristics of the image of Yongming Yanshou as well as the factors that influenced the evolution of his image. An attempt is also made to summarize the principles and patterns surrounding the shaping of his image contained in the biographies.
永明延寿、法眼三祖、净土六祖、形象演变、弥陀净土、唯心净土
Yongming Yanshou, Fayan Third Patriarch, Pure Land Sixth Patriarch, Figure Transformation, Amitabha Pure Land, Mind-Only Pure Land
西方 “海盗” 概念与马来群岛的海上劫掠 Definition of "Pirate" and Maritime Raiding in the Malay Archipelago
“海盗”一词源自千古希腊罗马时期，随着时代的不同，海盗的定义也有所不同。在马来群岛的词汇当中，没有“海盗”一词。随着欧洲国家来到马来群岛进行殖民活动后，将一切这个区域的海上劫掠活动视为“海盗行为＂，甚至以此为借口扩张其势力范围和领土。随看历史的演变，现代学者开始检讨这种“欧洲中心论”的殖民主义思想，反驳了马来群岛的海上劫掠活动为“海盗行为＂的观点。 The term "pirate" originated from ancient Greek and Roman languages, and the definition of "pirate" varied over different periods. Moreover, there is no specific term for "pirate" that can be found in the Malay Archipelago lexicon. As the European peoples arrived at the Malay Archipelago to begin their colonial activities, all maritime raiding in this region was regarded as "piracy". Using this excuse, the colonizers expanded their sphere of influence and territory. However, modem scholars have begun to re-examine this "Eurocentric" view, refuting the Malay Archipelago maritime raiding as "piracy".
pirate, piracy, maritime raiding, Malay Archipelago
试论车里宣慰司长期存续的主要原因：以16-19世纪缅暹战争中的车里宣慰司为例＊ On the Reasons of Cheli Pacification Commission's Long Existence: In the Case of the Burma-Siam War (16th-19th Century)
西双版纳的车里宣慰司始建千元代，历经外敌入侵和朝代更迭，存续至20世纪50年代。本文以16-19世纪的缅暹战争为背景，分析了车里宣慰司长期存续的三个主要原因，即特殊的地缘位置、与周边山地民族相对和睦的关系，以及慎用死刑等。 The Cheli Pacification Commission in Xishuangbanna was established during the Yuan Dynasty and came to an end in the 1950s. The Commission survived external invasions and the changes of dynasties. In the context of the Burma-Siam War (16th-19th century), this article analyses the main reasons that allowed the Cheli Pacification Commission to survive for centuries by looking at its unique geographic locations, harmonious relationship with the surrounding mountain peoples, as well as the cautious use of the death penalty.
Xishuangbanna, Cheli Pacification Commission, Burma-Siam War