马来西亚鲁乃福德祠研究 The Study of Lunas's Hock Teik Soo Temple in Malaysia

Abstract

福德正神（大伯公）信仰，是马来西亚华人一个非常重要的神祗信仰，庙宇遍布整个马来西亚华人社会。鲁乃福德祠，是吉打州居林县内其中一个具有百年历史的老庙，由惠州人所创立。建庙石碑的发现佐证了该庙的创立历史。福德祠供奉神佛不多且都属民间信仰，除主神大伯公外，其他神佛有太阳公、太阴母、佛母娘以及当地土地神拿督公。福德祠名下辖地众多，所建华人义山的历史也已逾百年。庙中产业理事会采用出租、种植油棕等多项方式不断经营，创造实际经济效益，造福会员、信众，回馈社会。从创庙至今，福德祠所有的士地皆由当地人捐献，并委托予信托人，反映了百年来当地居民对福德祠的敬仰和对信托人的信任，也显示了鲁乃福德祠，是当地华人社会中最强的纽带，不断凝聚着华人力景，寄托着人们生生不息的信念。不过，随着信托人的离世，而早期的理事会对此也缺乏认识，使得福德祠面临转换产业拥有权的问题，影响福德祠未来的发展。

The belief in Fu De Zheng Shen (Da Bogong) is a very important religious faith among Malaysian Chinese. The temples are all over the Malaysian Chinese society. Lunas's Hock Teik Soo is one of the old temples with hundred years old history at Kulim, Kedah. It was founded by people from Huizhou. The discovery of the temple's monumental inscription has proven its founding history. The gods enshrined in Hock Teik Soo Temple are not many but they are all related to the folk religions. Besides Da Bo Gong as the main god, there are also other gods like, Tai Yin Mu, Fo Mu Niang and local God of Earth (Tudi Shen) as well as Na Du Gong. There are many properties managed by the Hock Teik Soo Temple, one of which is the Chinese cemetery with more than one hundred years of history. The councils of other properties continue to operate in a number of ways, such as land leasing and planting oil palm to create real economic benefits for the members, believers and society. Since the founding of the temple, the lands owned by Hock Teik Soo Temple are donated by the locals and entrusted to the trustees. This reflects the respect and trust of the local residents towards the temple and its trustees. Besides, it also shows that Lunas's Hock Teik Soo Temple is the strongest link in the local Chinese community, and it continues to gather strength of the Chinese, who pin their faith on the temple. However, the death of the trustees and the early councils' lack of awareness makes Hock Teik Soo Temple face the problem of changing ownerships of the properties, which affects the future development of the temple.