马来西亚汉语二语教材编撰的演进与发展一 以玛拉工艺大学的华语课本为例 The Evolution and Development of Mandarin as a Second Language Teaching Material in Malaysia: An Example from U niversiti Teknologi MARA's Mandarin Textbook

Abstract

玛拉工艺大学中文组至2023年，已成立了56年。过了半个世纪快近一甲子的岁月，玛拉工艺学院中文组从开始的200多个学生发展到现在玛拉工艺大学中文组每学期约1 万七千多个学生，从开始时使用别人编写的课本到现在拥有自己编撰的7本课本和7本汉字练习簿，不是件简单的事。本文旨在为玛拉工艺大学中文组课本的编写作记录，一窥这些年来华语课本的发展、变化及趋势，可留待后来者知前人的辛苦，及编书时有所参考。玛拉工艺学院中文组从1978年开始编自家的课本，编书的发展可以分为5个时段：草创期、形成期、变革期、巩固期和定型出版期。研究发现玛拉工艺大学国际汉语教材的编撰日渐成熟，据时代发展推进、大学升格、课程与课时调整及学生需求不断调节。在时代背景的熏陶下，早期的课本内容多元化且偏重商业经济，后期内容则趋向实用、本土生活化；基本用途课本及专用课本之作用也逐渐分化。这也反映了玛拉工艺大学不同时期对推广国际汉语的实际用途考量。

The Mandarin Unit of Universiti Teknologi MARA has been established for 56 years by 2023. After half a century, the Mandarin Unit of Universiti Teknologi MARA has grown from more than 200 students at the beginning to about 17,000 students per semester. From using textbooks written by others at the beginning, to having 7 textbooks and 7 Mandarin character exercise books compiled by itself, the journey was never easy. This article aims to record the compilation of textbooks of the Mandarin Unit of Universiti Teknologi MARA, and take a glimpse of the development, changes, and trends of Mandarin textbooks over the years, so that later generations can understand the hard work of their predecessors and have references when compiling books. The Mandarin Unit of Universiti Teknologi MARA has been compiling its own textbooks since 1978. The development of book compilation can be divided into 5 periods: the initial stage, the formation stage, the transformation stage, the consolidation stage, and the finalised publishing stage. The study found that the compilation of international Mandarin teaching materials of Universiti Teknologi MARA is increasingly mature, and is constantly adjusted according to the development of the times, the upgrading of universities, the adjustment of courses and class hours, and the needs of students. Under the influence of the times, the content of early textbooks was diversified and focused on business and economics, while the content of later textbooks tended to be practical and localised; the roles of basic textbooks and special textbooks are also gradually differentiated. This also reflects the actual use considerations of Universiti Teknologi MARA in promoting International Mandarin at different times.