东南亚明朝遗民使用“龙飞”之动机考证 Research on Southeast Asia Ming Adherents in using the term “Long Fei”

Abstract

1644年，明朝灭亡，清军入主中原，满族掌握清政权，致使不少汉族不愿接受清朝统治而逃至海外，并在东南亚留下了遗迹。其中，马六甲青云亭及越南明乡社皆为明朝遗民所盖建，至今仍保存了部分墓碑、石碑、牌匾等。从文物的考查上发现，两地的明朝遗民都不约而同地在文物中，刻入“龙飞”一词。然而，学术界至今仍无从考究“龙飞”的真实意义，学者各有所见解。本文将尝试从中国境内发掘与“龙飞”相关的中国历史文献，并结合古籍记载进行分析及厘清，以期能解答学术界对“龙飞”一词的疑惑。同时，通过探讨“龙飞”真实意义，解读明朝遗民当时铭刻“龙飞”的动机及心声，以填补海外华人历史的不足之处。

The Ming Dynasty collapsed in 1644. The Manchus invaded North China and established the Qing Dynasty. Many Han Chinese rejected Manchu rule and fled overseas. Among the places that they settled down were Melaka and Vietnam, where they build Cheng Hoon Teng and the Ming Village respectively. Relics of tombstones, monuments and plaques are still seen in these places today. The Ming loyalists had engraved the term “Long Fei” on the relics found in both these localities. Hitherto, the academic community is still at a lost to interpret the meaning of the term. The paper will attempt to unearth the meaning of “Long Fei” by analysing and seeking evidence from historical documents and records available in China. At the same time, by exploring the true meaning of “Long Fei”, it is hoped obtain a better understanding of the motives and feelings of the Ming loyalists and hence to provide a plausible explanation of an episode of history of the Chinese overseas.