“三新两疫”趋势时代之线上新教学模式挑战与因应策略──以马来西亚北部一所偏乡地区微型华文小学为例 Challenges and Strategies for New Online Teaching Models in the Era of “3N2E”: A Case Study of a Under-enrolled Chinese Primary School in Northern Rural Area, Malaysia

Abstract

随着2019年末中国发生新冠肺炎（Covid-19）疫情，如今已蔓延全球及持续影响世界正常运转，严重冲击教育领域教师教学与学生学习活动的进程。马来西亚从2020年3月18日开始封城，为了落实教师“停课不停教”及学生“停课不停学”措施，学校开始实施从实体教学转移线上新教学模式。因此，本研究目的为了探讨马来西亚北部一所偏乡地区微型华文小学在“三新两疫”既是新冠肺炎、新常态、新挑战与疫情中及后疫情时期背景下，教师实践线上新教学模式的挑战与因应策略，并以个案研究和半结构访谈法立意抽样访谈7位不同年资与学科资深教师进行研究。研究发现有关教师在实践线上新教学模式时所面对的挑战包括教师教学与学生学习之网络问题、教师教学时间不足、教师教学缺乏教具、教师教学方法的限制、学生学习缺乏电脑与上网设备、学生学习缺乏运用电脑与应用程序技能、学生学习缺乏适应性、学生学习缺乏课堂参与。然而，教师因应挑战的策略涵盖提供录制教学影片与纸本教学讲义、学校征求商家赞助电脑设备、教师义务提供一对一教导父母与孩子使用电脑与应用程序指南、提升线上新教学模式素养与技能及教师与家长进行有效沟通和监督。

The aggressive spread of the novel Coronavirus (Covid 19) since its outbreak in China in the end of year 2019 has continually affected the world’s daily norms, including adverse impacts on education field, its teaching approaches and student learning progress. Schools have then switched from physical teaching to online teaching as a countermeasure against the constraints brought by the Malaysia lockdown imposed since 18th March 2020, where the concepts “class suspended, learning continues” of teachers and “class suspended, learning continues” of students come into reality. Therefore, this study aims at discussing countermeasures taken by teachers of a Malaysian under-enrolled schools located in a rural area, on resolving the challenges of online teaching under the context of “3N2E”, which are “New Virus Covid-19, New Normal, New Challenges” and “Epidemic, Endemic”. By adopting the form of case study and semi-structured interview, seven teachers of different seniority have been selected through purposive sampling. This study unfolds the challenges faced by the selected teachers, inclusive of poor internet connection during teacher teaching and student learning process, insufficient time and teaching tool of teacher teaching, the constraints of teacher teaching method, the lack of computers and internet facility of student learning, the lack of skills of students on computer applications, low adaptability and absenteeism of student learning. Nevertheless, teachers cope with the challenges by providing pre-recorded tutorial videos and teaching materials, seeking for the sponsor of computers by schools, introducing one to one guidance to both parents and children on computer applications, enhancing the new online teaching method accomplishments and skills, as well as the conduct of effective communication and supervision by teachers and parents.