日本阿伊努人教育政策的历史变迁 1 The History of Educational Policy on Ainu in Japan

Abstract

本文在简要讨论了日本阿伊努人的历史背景之后，审视了19世纪下半叶以及20世纪60年代至今日本民族国家形成时期出台的关于阿伊努人的教育政策。起初，日本政府为阿伊努学生建立独立的教育机构，但是遭到了阿伊努人的反对。此时的阿伊努人虽然反对日本政府的差异化教育政策，但并不反对将自身同化进日本民族。近年来，随着民族意识的觉醒，阿伊努人又开始自觉追求自身特殊的社会地位和教育要求。但是，日本建立在民族同质化理念上的国家融合概念实际上几乎没有为日本少数族群文化提供什么发展的空间。

This paper examines educational policies toward Ainu in Japan during the period of nation-building, from the latter half of the nineteenth century to the first half of the twentieth century, after brief introduction of history of Ainu. Japan firstly tried to segregate Ainu children into separate educational institutions, which was resisted by Ainu. Though Ainu fought against this separated arrangement, they did agree assimilating into Japan. In recent years, Ainu were approaching to gain their special social status and educational rights. In fact, Japan has been approaching national integration using a strongly noting of culture homogenization, which allows little considerable space for Ainu’s culture.